The main reason for the penalties is to make the algorithms more useful to users by cleaning them from spam content. An important step was taken in detecting web spam techniques by introducing the algorithm called Penguin in April 2012.
Web Spam Overview
Google has started publishing many statistics about how it deals with spam in recent years. From time to time, it has warned webmasters with some reminders on blogs .
To summarize according to 2019 anti-spam statistics:
More than 25 billion spam pages every day,
230,000 spam reports were received and 82% of these reports job seekers database were acted upon. In 2018, the number of these reports was 180,000 and 64% of them were acted upon,
4.3 million manual action messages were sent to site administrators,
User-generated spam content, which increased in 2018, did not increase in 2019,
Backlink spam became the most popular type of spam during the year,
In 2019, the impact of spam content on users was reduced by 60% compared to 2018,
90% of backlink violations were detected by algorithms,
New explanations have been made regarding the use of Nofollow ,
Spam from attacked websites continued stable compared to 2019.
Since Google's page that gives some statistics while fighting spam was redirected, I wanted to look at the latest data with web archive and add it to the article. Here is an image of manual action applied to 0.22% of the sites in the index: (2018)

Pure spam is one of the most common types of manual actions. You will find many details about pure spam in the rest of the article.
In recent years, Google has also shown some examples of sites it has manually processed:
The following screenshot, taken in February 2018, shows weekly reconsideration requests received from 2006 to the date I specified:
Google was able to detect spam situations faster by using machine learning combined with manual processes and algorithmic spam types. The statements do not say that their algorithms will prevent 100% of spam, and they also mention that the systems are not perfect:
Another blog post clearly explains that spam detection systems are not always perfect and have room for improvement:
You can access the 2018 spam statistics data here . We will see what awaits us in 2021 in Google's fight against spam.
Google is improving its spam-fighting algorithms along with spam reports :
If you see spam on the web, you can report it using the spam reporting form . It is almost impossible to tell from the outside whether the spam reports you send have been processed or not. Google can apply manual action to the entire site or to specific URLs.
What is Google Penalty (Manual Action)?
Manual action, as the name suggests, is the name given to the types of penalties applied to all or certain pages of websites by real persons.
It is almost impossible to understand the penalties imposed by Google from the outside. Authorized account holders can see the penalties imposed by Google in Search Console. For this reason, I do not recommend that you trust systems created with names such as Google ban query .